Why is the measured 5V voltage around 4.8V instead of exactly 5V?
The breadboard power supply draws power from a USB Type-C port, which provides a 5V input. However, during breadboard projects, issues like short circuits or other factors can occur. To protect the Type-C power source (such as a power bank, wall adapter, or laptop USB-C port), we’ve included a diode in the circuit. This diode prevents current from flowing back to the power source. The diode introduces a small voltage drop, typically around 0.2V, resulting in a measured output of approximately 4.8V. This minor voltage drop does not affect the performance of 5V integrated circuits (ICs) in your project.